Accounting Regulatory Agencies - 1280 Words

ACCOUNTING REGULATORY AGENCIES Introduction Accounting standards are needed so that financial statements will fairly and consistently describe financial performance. Without standards, users of financial statements would need to learn the accounting rules of each company, and comparisons between companies would be difficult. Numerous accounting bodies govern the accounting environment and accommodate the success of a business. The four main financial governing bodies include the following: †¢ Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) †¢ Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) †¢ Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) †¢ International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)†¦show more content†¦While the GASB has jurisdiction over financial reporting by governmental entities, the FASB establishes rules for private sector accounting. Both boards are independent, nongovernmental bodies whose members are appointed by the trustees of the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF). Before issuin g its standards, the GASB follows the set of â€Å"due process† activities enumerated in its published rules of procedure. Due process is stringent and is designed to permit a thorough and open study of financial accounting and reporting issues by the preparers, auditors, and users of financial reports, in order to encourage broad public participation in the standards setting process. Significant steps in the process are announced publicly. The GASB’s meetings are open to public observation and a public record is maintained. One difference between the two organizations is that the rules of the GASB need not apply to that of FASB. If the GASB had not covered an accounting topic that the FASB had, then the FASB standards would be used by the government entities. This sets up kind of like a default so that there are not so many different rules and possibly double standards. The GASB and the FASB both have the authority to create rules, with the GASB having the abilit yShow MoreRelatedRegulatory Standards Of The Federal Information Systems Management Act911 Words   |  4 Pageswriting assignment I will discuss the following regulatory requirements comprise of the Federal Information Systems Management Act (FISMA), Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Payment Card Industry Standards (PCI DSS), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and Intellectual Property Law. I will also discuss security methods and controls which should be applied to ensure compliance with the standards and regulatory requirements. I will explain the guidelines establishedRead MoreCase Study : Fund Accounting Manager Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesSUMMARY: Fund accounting manager with two decades of hands-on experience in hedge fund, venture capital fund, private equity fund and mutual fund accounting, administration and operations. 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The purpose of aRead MoreQuestions On Accounting And Management Accounting766 Words   |  4 Pages Subject Name: Accounting for Decision Making Course Name: Bachelor of Commerce (Applied) Semester/Year: 01st Semester 2015 Due Date: Monday 23rd March 2015 Student Name: Phuwanat Tharanop ID: 1499002 ASSIGNMENT ONE PART ONE: 15 marks Research Questions Q1: Write a detailed summary that describes and distinguishes in-depth the different roles of financial accounting and management accounting ‘play’ in a professional service organisation. Answer: Financial accounting is the process of summarizingRead MoreThe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board958 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to regulate the audit industry to oversee accounting professionals who provided independent audit reports for publicly traded companies (SEC). Key responsibilities include: registering public accounting firms and establishing audit, quality control, ethics, independence, and other standards relating to public company audits (SEC). Conducting inspections, investigations, and disciplinary proceedings of registered accounting firms, as well as enforcingRead MoreArgumentative Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesAccounting Regulation: Word Count: 1195 Table of Contents: Page 1.0 Argument in favour of tight accounting regulation: 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 The agency problem 3 1.3 Comparability of financial statements 3 1.4 Auditing 4 1.5 Auditor’s independence concerns 4 1.6 Credibility of financial reporting 4 1.7 Conclusion 5 2.0 Argument in favour of â€Å"Free market† regulation: Read MoreThe Ethics Of Sarbanes Oxley Act1667 Words   |  7 Pagesto internal control. For an accounting perspective, internal control is a system for internal and external auditors to measure performance and recommend the improvement of the control. 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The authority responsible for issuing the accounting standards (i.e. financialRead MoreFinancial Reporting Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Reporting Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are uniquely different for each country. Although there has been a push for International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to be the new accounting standards for both domestic and foreign financial statements, local GAAP still remains the current standard for participating countries (CFO, 2008). Regulations regarding an organization’s regulatory environment and issues with foreign currency vary within domestic and foreign companiesRead MoreAccounting Is The Most Boring1478 Words   |  6 PagesAccounting is commonly depicted as the most boring, yet reliable profession possibly offered in the business school. But what if accountants managed to scam millions? How about billions? Accounting is a seemingly innocuous career, but corporations can manipulate their current financial state and become more appealing to investors with some clever help from their accountants. Accountants could embellish financial statements or secure h igher balances for wage expenditures. A typical corporate mistake

The Importance Of Immigrants And Refugees In America

 ¨Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door! ¨- Emma Lazarus. America is the nation that draws every immigrants attention. Americans have created a country with every type of race, culture, and religion, resulting in a country so unique and diverse. Immigrants and refugees have a huge impact on Americas economics, and while lots of refugees escape persecution, they bring the culture that we call a melting pot. Immigrants come to America every year seeking a new opportunity to get out of their country. Many Americans and government officials think that all they do is take up†¦show more content†¦With this said how can the government try and put up border limits. What if it was one of us trying to come to America, what if you were once one of them trying to come to America. Jamelle Bouise stated in â€Å"When P eople Flee to America shores† that â€Å"The United States is a nation that fears immigrants and refugees as much as it’s a nation of immigrants and refugees.† Some Americans have lived the dream all their life and have not seen what is outside of the country and what other countries are doing to immigrants. What makes America so great is the culture. Immigrants have brought every type of idea from clothing to food to language. Immigrants and refugees are what make America, America. Phillip Connor stated in â€Å"U.S. Resettles Fewer Refugees, Even as Global Number of Displaced People Grows† That â€Å"With the rise of U.S. refugee arrivals from Middle Eastern and African countries, Arabic has become the most spoken language of incoming refugees† (Connor). As many immigrants come to America they bring their language and culture with them, which makes America so unique. Another piece of evidence found in Phillip Connors article was that â€Å"Between fiscal 2011 and 2016, a rising number of refugees have been Muslim, reflecting the increasing number of refugees from Muslim-majority countries admitted to the United States† (Connor). Immigrants come from everywhere and can not bring much with butShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Immigration Regulation Is Very Sophisticated912 Words   |  4 Pagessophisticated. The immigration regulation is provided for under immigration act. This Act has regulated the total number of permanent immigrants coming to the country yearly at 675,000 (Gagne 23). The Congress decided a precise number of refugees, who can be allowed into the country. Immigration in the country is founded upon various principles that include reunion of families, immigrants with valuable skills, economy, refugee protection, and diversification. Family Immigration Family reunification isRead MoreBrianna Sparks. Mr. Zingale, Mr. Lehman. Us History, Language1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe first amendment of the Constitution, but also other federal laws. However, Trump has good intention, for he wants to protect the welfare and safety of our country. On January 17, 2017, President Trump signed the Executive Order that bans Syrian refugees and the majority of Muslim countries from entering the US for 90 days; those countries are: Syria, Iraq, Iran, Somalia, Yemen, Libya, and Sudan. The Executive Order links a connection to terrorism, particularly to the attack on September 11, 2001Read MoreIllegal Immigrants In America Have Contributed Massively1352 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigrants in America have contributed massively to the Economy and researchers have facts and evidence to back up their finding. For the most part many people are not educated enough about the concept illegal immigrants or don’t bother to look for the fact about illegal immigrants. Their contribution to the economy is very productive, according to the institute on taxation and economy: Collectively, undocumented immigrants in the United States pay an estimated total of $11.74 billion inRead MoreAmerican Immigration Policy, Citizenship, And The Rela tionship Between Foreign Policy And Constitutional Law1477 Words   |  6 Pageslaw, regarding refugees. Since the birth of the United States in 1776, citizens, from countries all around the world have considered making the trek to America, in hopes of pursuing a different, more prosperous life. Yet, many of history’s hopeful travellers have learned- legally entering America is potentially the most strenuous part of finding their place, in the country. From the late 18th Century until now, there has been gradual increase not only in the quantity of immigrants from around theRead MoreImmigration Control And National Homeland Security1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough Immigration Control† in which he contends that the only means to keep America safe from a follow-up attack is to strengthen and enforce immigration law to prevent terrorists from being able to enter the country. Edwidge Danticat, writing for The Nation in 2005, provides a juxtaposition to Krikorian’s stance in her essay â€Å"Not Your Homeland†, in which she describes her witnessing of the inhumane conditions many immigrants are forced to endure in the name of increased security to protect the countryRead MoreHow Can America Become A Better Immigrant Nation?1245 Words   |  5 PagesHow Can America Become a Better Immigrant Nation Again? It has become evident to many that the American economy is declining in recent years. 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The original settlers were immigra nts that stole this land; immigrants continued to come for years. It is not a newly constructed concept that immigrants have always been a problem, ask any Native American. One used to beRead MoreProtests1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper, I will be discussing the recent political issue about the ban imposed on refugees from the Muslim-dominant nations into the United States. The current president of the United States, Donald Trump, on the 27th of January 2017 issued an executive order banning immigrants from seven countries into the United States. The issue that informed the ban was the security threat that the immigrants posed to the United States because most terrorist groups have an Islamic background. While this

The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain Free Essays

The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning Over the years, schools have been teaching in the traditional way. This has proven to be successful for many students, but not all. We will write a custom essay sample on The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain or any similar topic only for you Order Now By breaking down the brain and how each side of it processes information could make a more conducive learning environment. If both sides are maximized in the classroom, all of the students are able to excel. Which should be the goal of all schools. Before comparing the styles, knowing how the brain processes the information for different people needs to be looked at. The brain processes information by the type of information that it is. Each side of the brain will process information differently. The left side of the brain will generally process information in a linear fashion. It will take the information and put it in a line and then draw the conclusion at the end. This is a sequential type of thinking. The left brain excels at information that comes in symbols, such as math formulas. It think of things in a logical sense. It can work through a problem in the logical sequence to come to the conclusion or answer. The left brained individual does not have any issues with expressing themselves verbally. They know what they want to say, and they can say it correctly. The left brained person is grounded in the world of reality. They are able to adjust to their surroundings (Templeton, 2012). On the other hand, the right brained person is the opposite. Instead of being linear in their way of thinking, the right brained person likes to know what the result is before discussing the topic. They need to know what the â€Å"big picture† is first so that they know where they are going. The right brained individual will jump around from task to task, not doing them in a sequential order. They still complete the tasks, but they will not prioritize the tasks. Where the left brained person likes symbols, the right brained person likes to deal with things that they can touch, real objects. The left brain looks at things in a logical manner, the right brain does things that feel right. They will base choices off of how they feel about something. A right brained person will want to see things visually. They will make mental pictures of the things that are discussed. The right brained person may have difficulty in meeting deadlines because they want to change the things around them and are less attune to reality (Templeton, 2012). Now that the aspects of each side of the brain has been described, are we able to only function with one side of the brain? To read some of the literature that is out there on the subject, you would assume that this is what people think. If this was the case, then we would only have that side of the brain. The brain was made to work with both sides in conjunction with each other. Yet, most people will be dominate one side more than the other. Radwan (2012) list ways that a person with either side brain dominant can use the other side. For example, a person that is left brained dominant should try to refrain from using only logic to make a decision. Radwan (2012) suggest listening to music while reading. that way the right side of the brain can be active in the process. For the person that is right brained, they should try to find out as much as they can about the issue or situation. Get more details about it. They should also try using more numbers, this way the left side of the brain is working, too, according to Radwan (2012). How is the traditional way of teaching conducted? According to Novak (1998), the traditional way of teaching is where the teacher is the one with the power and responsibility, they play the role of the instructor. They teach through lectures. They will be the one that decides the curriculum and what they want the students to learn. Novak (1998) also states that the teachers are the reason that learning happens and that the students need to have the information that they are missing, given to them. The classroom is generally set up with the desks or tables in a row with the teacher in the front of the classroom. The most important part of this process is the content and delivery of the lesson. It is believed that the student gets their knowledge through practice, which could include the note taking. This type of teaching will be competitive. (Johnson, 1991). Traditional style teaching can cause learning issues for some students. Not every person has the ability to learn this way. In a competitive arena, those that do not excel, may get left behind because they feel insignificant to the others. If they are wrong in the front of the class, they may not want to answer questions, due to the feeling of being ridiculed. This type of teaching does not take into account the creative side of the student. The student that starts to â€Å"move back into their shell†, has the potential to start to fall behind. With the traditional style, that student will have a challenge to catch up since the technique is to continue to teach, fill the student with more knowledge. Brain based teaching is a different type of teaching then the traditional way. It is geared more for the success of the student. It is broken down into three areas, before, during and after class. The before class section, which is conducted way in advance of the class, has two steps: pre-exposure and the environment. The pre-exposure has the teacher plan for those students that will need some extra help. The teacher determines how they will engage the students, making it interactive, to make them remember more of the lesson. The environment cannot always be adjusted, but when it can, the teacher will want to make the students feel safe. They will want to allow the students to sit wherever they want to. The temperature and lighting will need to be adjusted and watched to ensure it is conducive with the learning environment. (Jensen, 2005) During the class, the teacher wants to ensure that they engage both the mind and body. This will keep the student awake and interested in the material. The next step will be to â€Å"frame† the lesson. This step gets the student interested in the lesson. It is like a motivator for the student to learn the material. Acquisition is the next aspect that needs to be looked at. This focuses on input where the students and teacher interact and learn from each other. The teacher will want to elaborate on the topic to ensure that the learning has more detail. When the student has learned something new, time needs to be added at the end of class to reinforce the memory so that it can be recalled later. This is a very important part that is not done with traditional teaching. (Jensen, 2005) Jensen (2005) states that the after class section has two steps: â€Å"settling time and rest and review and revision. † It is believed that rather than teaching a mass amount of information, interval learning is the better way. Giving the students time to allow the information to settle by giving them breaks. As time goes on, the students will start to forget the information that was taught to them. If time is set aside to review the information and revise the students knowledge, they will remember it longer. A study was conducted in Pakistan to find out which style of teaching is more productive. It was conducted in Pakistan because the only style that has ever been taught is the traditional style. Fifty students were used in the study; twenty-five were the control, traditional, and twenty-five were the experimental. All of the students were given a pre-test in physics. The scores were recorded and then they were taught in the two different styles. At the end of the study, they were given a post-test. The results showed that the students that studied under the brain based technique were able to learn and retain more compared to the students under the traditional style. (Ali, 2010) For years schools have taught using the traditional style of teaching. Knowing what each side of the brain processes and using that to teach students has proven to be effective. By combining the creative side with the linear side ensures that students stay interested in the material. By staying interested, they are able to learn more, and more importantly, retain more information. References Ali, R. , Hukamdad, Ghazi, S. , Shahzad, S. , Khan, H. (2010). The Impact of Brain Based Learning on Students Academic Achievement. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 2 (2). 542-556. Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the Brain in Mind. Alexandria, VA. Association for Supervision Curriculum Development. Johnson D, Johnson R. (1991). Learning Together and Alone ed3. ;Allyn Bacon, Sydney. Novak, J. (1998). Learning, Creating and Using Knowledge: Concept Maps as Facilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; New Jersey, pp 24-25. Radwan, M. (2012). Learn How To Use Both Sides of Your Brain (the Left and Right Hemisphere. Retrieved from: http://www. 2knowmyself. com/The_brain/learn_how_ use_both_sides_of_your_brain_left_right. Templeton, M. (2012). Learning Styles. Retrieved from: http://frank. mtsu. edu/~studskl/hd/ learn. html. How to cite The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain, Essay examples

Investor Activists Icahn For Shareholders †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Investor Activists Icahn For Shareholders. Answer: The investor activists such as Icahn are good for the shareholders, businesses and management to the extent that they help create a case for an institution hence the fundamental advantages are achieved. It implies that the investor activists help in laying out plans hence improve and drive the organization towards the creation of value (Venkiteshwaran, Iyer and Rao, 2010 pp.45). In other words, they are good for shareholders since they may help in making out good investment decisions. Hence the constructive changes and positive stock returns are achieved. A realistic explanation why investor activists leave the target institutions is as a result of pump and dump. I believe it is the case since the investor activists use their positions to put pressure on the boards into the plans which they hold that they are values for shareholders. Later, they dump the stocks when the prices increase hence the company is overleveraged and cannot invest in the long-term. Icahn is referred to as a corporate raider of dark legend since he used his tactics such as taking companies privately to buy shares especially those which were undervalued hence he would push changes through the management and increase returns. On the other hand, he was called the champion of shareholder activism since his activities were seen as legitimate and were welcomed by most organizational investors (Bebchuk, Brav and Jiang, 2015 pp.10). He would force companies to buy shares at a high price and issue the shareholders with the dividends and profits which they deserved. The most appropriate term for Icahn is a champion for shareholder activism since he is associated with investments which cause changes in the institutional policies hence the profitability for the target companies in the long-run is achieved. Bibliography Venkiteshwaran, V., Iyer, S.R. and Rao, R.P., 2010. Is Carl Icahn Good for Long?Term Shareholders? A Case Study in Shareholder Activism.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,22(4), pp.45-57. Bebchuk, L.A., Brav, A. and Jiang, W., 2015.The long-term effects of hedge fund activism(No. w21227). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Abortion Life Or Death Who Chooses Essays (4502 words) - Fertility

Abortion: Life or Death Who Chooses? In Roman times, abortion and the destruction of unwanted children was permissible, but as out civilization has aged, it seems that such acts were no longer acceptable by rational human beings, so that in 1948, Canada along with most other nations in the world signed a declaration of the United Nations promising every human being the right to life. The World Medical Association meeting in Geneve at the same time, stated that the utmost respect for human life was to be from the moment of conception. This declaration was re-affirmed when the World Medical Association met in Oslo in 1970. Should we go backwards in our concern for the life of an individual human being? The unborn human is still a human life and not all the wishful thinking of those advocating repeal of abortion laws, can alter this. Those of us who would seek to protect the human who is still to small to cry aloud for it's own protection, have been accused of having a 19th Century approach to life in the last third of the 20th Century. But who in reality is using arguments of a bygone Century? It is an incontrovertible fact of biological science - Make no Mistake - that from the moment of conception, a new human life has been created. Only those who allow their emotional passion to overide their knowledge, can deny it: only those who are irrational or ignorant of science, doubt that when a human sperm fertilizes a human ovum a new human being is created. A new human being who carries genes in its cells that make that human being uniquely different from any and other human being and yet, undeniably a member, as we all are, of the great human family. All the fetus needs to grow into a babe, a child, an old man, is time, nutrition and a suitable environment. It is determined at that very moment of conception whether the baby will be a boy or a girl; which of his parents he will look like; what blood type he will have. His whole heritage is forever fixed. Look at a human being 8 weeks after conception and you, yes every person here who can tell the difference between a man and a women, will be able to look at the fetus and tell me whether it is a baby boy or a girl. No, a fetus is not just another part of a women's body like an appendix or appendage. These appendages, these perfectly formed tiny feel belong to a 10 week developed baby, not to his or her mother. The fetus is distinct and different and has it's own heart beat. Do you know that the fetus' heart started beating just 18 days after a new life was created, beating before the mother even knew she was pregnant? By 3 months of pregnancy the developing baby is just small enough to be help in the palm of a man's hand but look closely at this 3 month old fetus. All his organs are formed and all his systems working. He swims, he grasps a pointer, he moves freely, he excretes urine. If you inject a sweet solution into the water around him, he will swallaw because he likes the taste. Inject a bitter solution and he will quit swallowing because he does not like the taste. By 16 weeks it is obvious to all, except those who have eyes but deliberately do not see, that this is a young human being. Who chooses life or death for this little one because abortion is the taking of a human life? This fact is undeniable; however much of the members of the Women's Liberation Movement, the new Feminists, Dr. Henry Morgentaler or the Canadian Medical Association President feel about it, does not alter the fact of the matter. An incontrovertible fact that cannot change as feelings change. If abortion is undeniably the taking of human life and yet sincere misguided people feel that it should be just a personal matter between a women and the doctor, there seems to be 2 choices open to them. (1) That they would believe

Heroism in three novels essays

Heroism in three novels essays A hero could be defined as a human of exceptional quality who wins admiration by noble deeds, especially deeds of courage. This definition could fit all of the main characters from the novels read, however Chris Mc Candless? story could be argued. Some describe his journey as stupid and thoughtful less yet others can see how courageous he was, therefore viewing him as a hero. The other characters from the novels are obviously heroes without question. In Philip Pullman's The Golden Compass Lyra Belacqua, an 11-year-old girl raised by Scholars of Jordan College in Oxford England is extremely heroic. Lyra is not aware of her heroic behaviors or the importance she plays in saving the universe. Lyra is the subject of great prophecy in which she is destined to commit a fateful betrayal that will determine the future of all worlds. This fateful betrayal came towards the end of the novel. Lyra's heroic behaviors are displayed during and after she rescues children from Bolvangar. After the rescue, her and a long time friend Roger head north to fight armored bears to rescue her father Lord Asriel. While in captivity Lord Asriel constructs a bridge to another world, which requires the energy release in an intercision (separation from daemon) to cross it. Lyra offers to go through with this but her father could not sacrifice his own daughter so he chooses Roger and this is the great betrayal. Seeing Lyra does not realize her power and importance she is confused as to why she could not have gone through the intercision so Roger would not have to. She vows to get revenge and to discover the meanings of this new world. These events can be used to show the courageous deeds Lyra preformed therefore making her a hero. In John Marsden's Tomorrow When the War Began, Ellie the main narrative character displayed many acts of courage. One instance that sticks out is when after Ellie and her six friends return from camping inHell? and s...

Electrical Engineering Project of Jewish General Hospital Research Paper

Electrical Engineering Project of Jewish General Hospital - Research Paper Example The purpose of this project was to perform extensive repairs to the old emergency generator #1 located in the basement floor of the Jewish General Hospital (JGH). Many of these repairs consisted of replacing the starters of the generator, replacing the hoses and probes for temperature and pressure, and replacing the wiring of the generator’s engine. In addition, the alternator had to be dismantled in order for Hewitt Equipment Limited Inc. to verify it, clean it, and replace the bearings. However, we realized that it would be impossible for Hewitt Inc. workers to move the alternator out of its present location due to the fact that it was too big compared to the entrance door of that room. Therefore, my role as a project manager was to contact an entrepreneur that will create a new opening as well as install new doors in that room in order for â€Å"Hewitt Inc.† workers to be able to move the alternator out the room without any issues. To do so, I first had to contact an architect known as David Gordon from â€Å"Rubin & Rotman associates† for drawings of the proposed opening and the dimensions of the new doors. For example, Mr. Gordon recommended that only a double door made out of insulated with thermal breezes must be installed in the generator’s room. He also mentioned that the double door must have an opening angle of 180 degrees as well as a fire resistance of 90 minutes. Furthermore, I had to approve the drawings sent by the architect before proceeding with the project and fill out a â€Å"direct purchase requisition† of $4500 for all of the professional services in architecture. It was important to know that the architect was also responsible for coordinating all of the architectural work, which consisted of a new opening and the installation of new doors in the generator’s room, with the subcontractors.     

Commerce Bank Case - research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commerce Bank Case - - Research Paper Example Secure infrastructure for financial transaction over wireless network can be possible only if the commerce bank initiates security measures through the enrollment of one-time password system and making engagement with gateway Internet service provider by establishing proper service level agreements. Moreover, the commerce banks should adhere with the international regulations and standards companies as well as governments such as Internet Retailers Association. The commerce bank case is therefore going to analyze the core problem facing banking system and better suggestive ways to curb this issue for better managerial perception in banking service operations. Introduction Service operations management is one of the exercises delivered in a management system of a given company as a supply chain that intersect business operation towards the customer and the actual sales. Through optimizing service-intensive supply, high performance service is realized. In line of business service opera tions management must accommodate any prevailing inconsistent and arising uncertain demand to eliminate flaws in business supply chain. For an effective service operation management to incur, the management should establish customer satisfaction by reducing obsolescence costs, enhancing inventory levels and minimizing technician visits through proper planning. However, balancing and optimizing service levels as well as costs delivers extensive and sustainable gain over the competitors (Clark & Johnston, 2008). Objective The objective of this case assignment is to establish the main problem facing the proper operation of commerce bank at large. However, the case study will analyze possible problems encountered during Service Operations Management within this commerce bank cases study. The level of service operations within the commerce bank has drastically been affected, leading to the need of security aspect to be taken into consideration since; the business works hand in hand with money matters and therefore the need of high profile security is needed. The issue of e-commerce relies on the computer security and Data security components for its operational service due to Privacy issue in the banking system. This translates to security issue specifically to oversee how the security affects banking system and the need for restraining this facet at large. Problem Statement The main problem facing the commerce bank in general is the issue of security incurred in its operational management. For these subsidiary branches to communicate well and do its financial transactions, security issue plays a bigger role. Communication channels become one of the vital components in this operation as far commerce bank issue if availed. The main issue in this commerce bank case study is to establish the core problem facing commerce banking system and suggest or make a clear recommendation on how this problem can be eliminated for effectiveness to prevail within the banking system strategies. Security The problems facing the commerce bank is therefore the availability of resources, the services provided by the banking system and the security on regards to online transaction processes. According to the report from the American banking system, 60 percent of the problems facing banking system has been indicated to represent security concerns while 30 percent for quality service and the remaining 10

See the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See the instruction - Essay Example William’s A Rose for Emily, Poe, Edgar’s The Cask of Amontillado, and Oates, Carol’s Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, which are examples of the many Gothic literatures available today. In these Gothic novels, the authors use the characters, the setting, and different events to bring out the Gothic style. The setting may serve to create an atmosphere of gloom, mystery, and horror. For instance, dark, ruined, secret rooms, stairways and corridors. Most Gothic literature has women characters that appear to be in distress and sometimes threatened by tyrannical males. The events therein are terrifying, horrific, and sometimes violent. In addition, romance in Gothic literature involves pain and hurt. In Oates’ Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, â€Å"Connie,† the main character is scared about Arnold Friend. Arnold Friend is cruel and the author does not explicitly identify him as a real human, a psychopath, a demon, or a dream. However, Arnold Friend appears as mysterious and fearful. â€Å"She cried out, she cried for her mother, she felt her breath start jerking back and forth in her lungs as if it were something Arnold Friend was stabbing her with again and again with no tenderness† (Oates 544). This happens when Arnold Friend rapes Connie, although Oates does not directly say it. Violence is a characteristic of Gothic literature, and the vocabulary of violence such as â€Å"stabbing† and â€Å"no tenderness† is used in this literature. Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily is largely influenced by the Southern Gothic. The story involves frightening and mysterious scenes such as putrefaction, grostesquerie; old mansions crumbling, and decay. Additionally, Faulkner has used Emily, the main character and a psychic spinster, as a transformation from a past distressed damsel. Her mental inability makes her the heroine of Southern Gothic. Emily perpetrates different scary and unimaginable acts in the novel. â€Å"Then we noticed that in the second pillow was

History Of Aromatherapy Health And Social Care Essay

History Of Aromatherapy Health And Social Care Essay Ever since I can remember, I have been fascinated with the sense of smell and identifying the ways that aromas are so influential on a persons memories, thoughts and emotions. I decided to do my Independent Study on the history and practice of aromatherapy because I have always been drawn to it, and I hope to be able to offer others a chance to learn about it by developing a course that can be offered at the Firefly Academy. Using essential oils in my everyday life has given me many benefits. I can customize linen and room sprays according to the season, or the emotional atmosphere I want to create. It is simple to create salves for bug bites or muscle strain that are completely natural and work as well as store-bought items. I can use essential oils just like herbs to dress candles, add to talisman or amulet bags, or purify ritual space in my magickal practice. The only limit on the uses of essential oils is my own creativity. What Do The Terms Aromatherapy and Essential Oil Mean? To begin with, we need to define the terms aromatherapy and essential oil: Â · Aromatherapy is the art and science of enhancing health and well being with essential oils. (Aura Cacia, a leading advocate and manufacturer of high quality essential oils) [1] Â · Essential oils are the volatile essences extracted from plant materials for the purpose of affecting ones health, mood or environment. The Use of Scent Throughout Human History We dont need to have a degree in chemical engineering or physiology to understand how essential oils can affect us, or to enjoy them by adding scent to our everyday lives. Its something human beings have been doing throughout thousands of years of history. The use of ointments, powders, waters, oils and incense has been documented as part of worship, medicine and culture throughout many early civilizations. From Egypt and Persia, to India and China, trade routes flourished as the rich and powerful demanded steady supplies of aromatic salves for use as medicine, resins and incense to please the gods, and fragrant powders or perfumes to scent the skin [2] . Although no one can prove exactly when essential oils were first distilled from plants, the Persian Avicenna (980-1037 C.E.) is generally given credit as the first. Avicenna was a philosopher and physician, and he used essential oils extensively in his practice. [3] In more modern times, the scientific revolution in the 19th century led to the identification and isolation of many essential oils and active plant compounds. These discoveries soon led scientists to develop synthetic substances that could be produced cheaply and in mass quantities. This made it possible (economically feasible) to add artificial scent to products that were widely available to the public. Some of these products were soap, shampoo, beverages, and perfumes. The term aromatherapy was coined in the early 20th century by Rene-Maurice Gattefosse, a French scientist. [4] He developed an intense interest in the healing properties of essential oils after his personal experience with lavender essential oil. His family owned a perfumery business and he worked in the laboratory. One day, an explosion occurred and Rene-Maurice badly burned his hands. The closest thing around to use to quench the heat of the burns was a large container of lavender essential oil. He healed very quickly from his burns and was left without any scarring. There are many notables in the development of modern aromatherapy. Two of the most well-known are: Dr. Jean Valnet [5] , a surgeon in World War II who began using essential oils on the battlefield after reading of Gattefossess work; and Robert Tisserand who is credited with being one of the first to bring widespread education about aromatherapy to the English-speaking world. Where Do Essential Oils Come From Most essential oils are used today as flavorings for foods and beverages, or as fragrance for perfumes, body care and cleaning products. Only a small percentage of all essential oils produced are used in practical aromatherapy. Each essential oil is comprised of a unique combination of volatile, aromatic chemicals. Most essential oils contain over one hundred different chemicals. Thousands of different aroma chemicals have been discovered in plants by scientists so far [6] . The combination of these chemicals is what gives an essential oil its fragrance and also makes it effective to use. Many things can contribute to the amount and variation of each chemical constituent in an essential oil. Things such as climate, soil quality, growing conditions, or harvesting methods can have a big effect on the quality of the essential oil that ends up in a bottle on the shelf of your local health food store. The various aspects work together to create each oils signature fragrance and physical properties. Essential oils can come from all parts of the plant including, leaves, flowers, roots, seeds or fruit. Some examples of essential oils that come from different parts of a plant are: leaf-Peppermint, flowers-Rose, roots-Angelica, seeds-Black Pepper, fruit (rind)-Orange. Unlike using fresh or dried herbs, to use an essential oil we must first to get it out of the plant. Try sniffing a fresh peppermint or thyme leaf. There will be very little scent. Now, rub the herb between your fingers and sniff again. By crushing the cell walls of the leaf, the essential oil is released. This is one way to extract the essential oil but not very efficient! And although there are many ways of extracting an essential oil from plants, there are three main methods used by most manufacturers today. Steam distillation is an ancient process. The basic process remains unchanged from that used centuries ago. The majority of essential oils are distilled this way. Fresh plant material is stacked on racks set above boiling water. The steam causes the cell walls of the plant material to break down and release the essential oil. After passing through a condenser, the essential oil can be separated from the water by skimming it off the top. Expression is a mechanical method pressing the essential oil out of the plant. Usually this method is used for getting essential oils out of the peels of citrus fruits such as oranges, limes, or lemons. Citrus oils are fragile and the fresh fruit aroma is lost if the peels are steam distilled. Enfleurage (Absolutes and Concretes) is the process used to extract essential oils from plants that are extremely delicate or have a low quantity of oil per plant. Some examples of oils that are made as absolutes are rose, jasmine or violet. These essential oils tend to be very expensive because they are labor intensive to create and it takes a tremendous amount of plant material to make a small amount of essential oil. In the past, layers of flowers were covered in rendered animal fat or a hydrocarbon solvent. As the fat became saturated with the scent, the spent flowers were removed and replaced with fresh. This process makes a waxy substance called a concrete. To further refine the mixture, the fat was mixed with alcohol to separate the essential oil from the fat. This produces an absolute from the concrete. This is the liquid product that contains the essential oil. How Do We Interpret Scent and How Does Scent Affect Us Most of us can think of examples of how scent has influenced our memory. One example might be that the smell of cinnamon evokes the memory of sitting in your grandmothers kitchen as she made cinnamon rolls 20 years after her passing. Another might be the automatic grimace that comes to your face at remembering the smell of the skunk that sprayed the dog last year. These are just a couple examples that show how scent becomes wired into our memories. Once scent molecules are breathed into the nose, they bind with receptors that send impulses to the olfactory bulbs that sit at the base of the brain. The olfactory bulbs interpret the scent message and send it on to the limbic system. The limbic system is part of the oldest part of our brain. It controls the functions that are necessary for our very survival such as the sex drive, hunger, thirst or need for sleep. This area is close to the hippocampus, where feelings and emotions originate, and long-term memory is stored [7] . It is easy to see why scents can affect us so strongly when we see how closely the sense of smell is related to our memory and survival instincts. We can apply this to our everyday lives when we extrapolate that our highest thought processes which include language, mathematics or abstract thinking can be affected by aromatherapy since the areas that process fragrance information and memory are so closely linked. By using an essential oil (such as Rosemary which is used for mental challenges) while studying, this scent becomes imprinted in the brain along with the information being studied. By sniffing the same oil later, like right before an exam, we can take advantage of this linking to have better recall. In Victorian times, scented stationary was popular for love letters. Maybe the writers hoped the sweet scent of perfume would cause ones beloved to think fondly of the writer. We can use aromatherapy in so many ways to make our lives healthier and happier. We can use it to help us not only with physical applications, but also to improve our mental and emotional health. And if you have had any experience in magick or spell casting, you can begin to see the implications immediately! How To Choose An Essential Oil When choosing oils for use in aromatherapy, it is vital to make sure that you are purchasing an essential oil. Essential oils are extracted from plants that grew in nature. They are not created in a laboratory. It is important to choose oils that have been extracted from the appropriate part of the plant, and using the correct method of extraction. On the other hand, aroma oils, fragrance oils, or nature identical oils have been created in a lab or altered in a way that does not include all the components of the pure essential oil. They are not interchangeable with essential oils! These other types of oils have their uses, but it not in the practice of aromatherapy. An example of this is peppermint oil used by the food industry. Manufacturers will sometimes redistill the peppermint essential oil to remove the grassy notes and amplify the minty notes. This is done for a purer peppermint flavor in your toothpaste. Essential oils can be chosen for their physical, emotional, or spiritual properties. You may choose an oil to relieve a physical symptom, to help deal with stress or to purify your ritual space. Some oils with be effective for all these areas. Frankincense was used in ancient times to fumigate (purify) churches and temples. Not only was this effective against disease agents such as plague, but it also brought people to a meditative state, and calmed the emotions. Many people use Frankincense for the same purposes today. Most books have charts showing the properties associated with each essential oil. It is a good idea to get a couple books that list a variety of information the oils. It is important to know physical properties, such as whether the oil you are choosing might be antibacterial, stimulant or sedative. It is also useful to know what effects the oil might have on the mind or emotions. If choosing an oil to use for magickal purposes, the correspondences listed for the herb will be the same as for the oil. Once several oils have been identified for the required purpose, the best way to choose the appropriate oil is to take a whiff and see which one pleases you the most. The imprint of scent is so individualized that even if all the books say that oil A is the absolute best choice for headaches, if the individual doesnt find the scent pleasing, or has a negative memory of the aroma, it will not have the desired effect. Always choose essential oils based on your personal preference. Essential oils are very versatile in their abilities to nurture, heal, support and rejuvenate our bodies, minds and spirits. They are easily absorbed into the body through the skin, by inhalation, or ingestion. But just because they are natural substances and have been used for centuries does not mean that they are without some risk. It is very important to use safety precautions when working with essential oils. Many essential oils often share a lot of the same chemical components. Sometimes knowing which chemicals are present in an essential oil will give you a good idea how that oil might be used. One example is eucalyptol. Oils, such as eucalyptus and tea tree, that contain this chemical are helpful in relieving chest congestion. Another example is the neurotoxin, thujone. This chemical can be extremely dangerous. Oils with a low content of thujone, such as yarrow or sage, should be used with caution and not used on a continual basis. Other oils, such as mugwort or wormwood, (does absinthe ring a bell?) should not be used at all. Skin irritation can be common if using essential oils without diluting them with a vegetable oil. These dilution oils are called carrier oils. Most vegetable oils can be used as carrier oils. If using essential oils on the elderly or young children, they should be diluted even more. Some essential oils can cause sensitivity to sunlight, as well. Pregnant women, and those with other health conditions such as epilepsy or diabetes, should take extra precautions in choosing essential oils. And unless properly trained, no one should ingest essential oils! Always research the essential oils you use to make sure you are following the proper safety protocols. There are usually warnings listed on the bottle and most stores have pamphlets or brochures that will list safety precautions. It is well worth the time spent reading about potential problems or doing a skin-patch test (to test for allergic reactions) to avoid the pain and hassle of a bad reaction. How To Apply Essential Oils There are many different ways that essential oils (EOs) can enter the body. Inhalation through the nose is one of the best known. Absorption through the skin is another popular method. Less common ways include oral, vaginal or rectal application. Although ingestion of essential oils is more common in Europe, never ingest them without the advice of a trained professional. Most cases of poisoning have occurred after people ingested too high a dose. Ingesting just one or two teaspoons of concentrated essential oil can be enough to cause injury or death [8] . Inhalation is one of the easiest ways to use essential oils. Oils can be inhaled directly from the bottle, a drop or two placed on a tissue or light bulb, or a few drops added to a bowl of hot water or to the well of a pillar candle. A couple drops can be added to a dryer sheet and a whole load of sheets will be redolent with aroma. Diffusers are another popular way to disperse essential oils into the air. There are many types of diffusers available. Some use a fan to move air through a paper filter on which youve placed a few drops of oil. Others use a nebulizer to vaporize the oil into a fine mist. And still another type uses ultrasonic technology to release the oil within a fine mist of water. There are many way to apply essential oils to the skin and it is an effective way to incorporate them into your body. Essential oils can be added to bathwater or to massage oil. It is also easy to add essential oils to any unscented shampoo, lotion or body wash product to create your own custom blends. General dilution rates for healthy adults are 10-20 drops essential oil in a bath tub of warm water or 10-15 drops per ounce of carrier oil. Use half or less of these rates for children or the elderly. Essential Oil Quality It is worth discussing essential oil quality and how to choose the correct oil for the purpose for which you wish to use it. It is vital to make sure the essential oil youre using is produced from the proper part of the plant, extracted using the most efficient process, is harvested at the correct time, and contains all the active ingredients that make the oil effective. There should be no artificial components added. Choosing well-known suppliers and brands makes it easier to feel confident that the oils you buy. Firstly, make sure the label says that it is 100% pure essential oil. To work as intended, the oil must be pure. As mentioned earlier in this essay, fragrance or aroma oils made from synthetic ingredients are not interchangeable with essential oils. An exception to this statement would be when purchasing extremely expensive oils such as Neroli, Rose or Jasmine that are 100% pure essential oils that have been diluted in a carrier oil to make it more affordable. The carrier oil will be listed on the ingredients panel. If you only need a drop of two of rose oil for your Valentines Day sachet, you might decide that the 5ml bottle of diluted Rose Otto for $20 is a better choice than the 2ml bottle of 100% pure Rose Otto for $130. However, if you are making an anti-aging face cream you might want the real deal to increase the amount of active ingredients to make your cream more effective. Secondly, make sure you know the Latin name of the oil you want. This way you know that you are buying the correct product. There are several types of Lavender essential oil on the market. One is extracted from the flowers of Lavandula augustifolia and is noted for its relaxing and calming properties. Another is extracted from the stems, leaves and flowers of Lavandula latifolia (called Spike Lavender) and is useful to repel insects and to help with cold symptoms. Each has different properties. The FDA requires that all manufacturers list the botanical names on the labels. Thirdly, realize that it takes varying amounts of plant material and labor to produce each type of essential oil. If you are buying a brand of essential oils that has the same price on all oils, you are probably getting a low-quality, extremely diluted, or blatantly synthetic product. It can take over 2000 pounds of rose blossoms to produce one pound of essential oil, but perhaps around 50 pounds of Eucalyptus to produce one pound of essential oil. It is obvious just from this one statistic that rose oil is going to a lot more expensive than eucalyptus. Just like in other real-life situations, if it seems too good to be true it probably is. Where We Go From Here This essay is the basis I am using to develop a course on Aromatherapy for The Firefly Academy. I hope to have it in included alongside the courses developed on Kitchen Herbology and Magickal Herbalism. The course will build on the information presented in this essay, introduce in-depth lessons on the fourteen most popular and affordable essential oils, provide information on making essential oil blends, and showcase easy recipes to begin using aromatherapy to improve the quality of ones life. There will be a project requiring students to make at least one recipe and describe their experiences using the blend in a short essay. A short, multiple choice quiz will be offered at the end of the course. Below is the proposed outline of the course: Lesson 1-What is Aromatherapy? What is an Essential Oil? Lesson 2-Why Does Aromatherapy Work? Lesson 3-Quality, Resources and Choosing Oils Lesson 4-How to Use Essential Oils in Your Life Lesson 5- Essential Oil Profiles Part 1 (Lavender, Tea Tree, Peppermint, Eucalyptus, Patchouli, German Chamomile, Clary Sage) Lesson 6- Essential Oil Profiles Part 2 (Lemon, Geranium, Sweet Orange, Bergamot, Ylang Ylang, Rosemary, Sandalwood) Lesson 7-Blending, Carrier Oils, Fun Formulas Lesson 8-Essay, Quiz, Where Do We Go From Here? Aromatherapy is a natural, effective way to improve many areas of our lives. It is not hard to learn and does not require an enormous expenditure of money. Essential oils are a good value as each one can be used for many different purposes and they take up little space in a cabinet or medicine chest. My life has been enriched in countless ways by learning and using aromatherapy. I am fascinated by the ease in which I can ease the sting of a bug bite. I am rewarded with a good nights sleep when I place a few drops of my Sweet Dreams blend on my pillow. My spiritual practices are enhanced by diffusing Frankincense and Myrrh on my altar to create sacred space. I will never regret the time and resources I have devoted to learning how to put the benefits of aromatherapy to use in my life. Sources http://www.auracacia.com http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/avicenna.htm http://www.aromaweb.com/articles/history.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_system http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15895251 Nyam News , December Volumes 1 2, Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, 2005 The Practice of Aromatherapy, Jean Valnet, MD, Healing Arts Press, 1980 The Complete Book of Essential Oils Aromatherapy, Valerie Ann Worwood, New World Library, 1991 Aromatherapy: An A-Z: The Most Comprehensive Guide to Aromatherapy Ever Published, Patricia Davis, Random House, 2005 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils , Julia Lawless, Element Books Ltd, 1995 The Aromatherapy Deck, Frontier Natural Products Co-op, 2007 Certificate course on Aromatherapy, The American College of Healthcare Sciences (formerly Australasian College) Aura Cacia Retailers Aromatherapy Course, Aura Cacia Company Footnotes: [1] www.auracacia.com [2] The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils, Julia Lawless, Element Books Ltd, 1995 [3] http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/avicenna.htm [4] http://www.aromaweb.com/articles/history.asp [5] The Practice of Aromatherapy by Jean Valnet, MD [6] Nyam News, December Volumes 1 2, Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, 2005 [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_system [8] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15895251 Top of Form Bottom of Form

red scare :: essays research papers fc

The documents presented here are designed to be used in classes about Pacific Northwest history or US history. Although the documents deal specifically with events in Washington state, they are still potentially useful for a course about US history as a whole. As historian Richard Fried has observed, "'McCarthyism' is so often characterized in abstract terms that its meaning remains fuzzy. To sense the emotional bite of the Communist issue and to understand both how it affected life for those who ran afoul of it and how it shaped the nation's political culture, it is useful to look at specific cases." These documents allow students to explore such specific cases. Section II is a rather lengthy essay which tries to place the Cold War and Red Scare into historical perspective. It also analyzes the effect of the Cold War on Washington's economy and describes the major events of the Red Scare in Washington state. Much of this information is presented very briefly in a timeline in Section III. Teachers may wish to distribute photocopies of Section III to orient students to the main events of Cold War and Red Scare and to allow the students to place the documents in a chronological framework. Teachers may also with to distribute copies of the glossary in Section IV to familiarize students with Cold War terminology. The bibliography in Section V suggests books and videocassettes about the Cold War and Red Scare that teachers may find useful. The documents in Section VII can be used in a vast number of ways. Section VI offers suggestions for in-class and homework assignments based on the documents. The concordance in Section VII not only lists the source of each document, but also offers some possible discussion questions about many of the documents. II. The Cold War and Red Scare in Washington: Historical Context The Cold War created many aspects of modern Washington. Military spending sustained Washington's rapid economic growth after WW II. Although federal hydropower projects and WW II had initially industrialized Washington state, the struggle against the Soviets ensured that federal money continued to pour into the state. The Cold War left a physical legacy across the state that can still be seen today. Military bases were created and expanded. The production of plutonium at Hanford created radioactive waste that will exist for thousands of years. Even Seattle's most famous icon—the Space Needle—is a concrete monument to one aspect of the Cold War, the space race.

Frankenstein †Who is the real monster? Essay

The novel Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley when she was only eighteen years old, after a nightmare she had. It was published on 1st January 1818 and became a great success. Mary Shelley used the style of gothic horror in this novel, introducing Frankenstein as perhaps the first science fiction book ever written in this genre. Almost two centuries later it has become a widely read classic novel, but also one of the most influential novels ever written. One of the influences on Mary Shelley when she wrote Frankenstein was the scientific experiments of the time. Scientists were researching the effects of electricity on dead animals and humans; they were striving to control powers of life and death. They had discovered that an electric current could galvanise the limbs, making them move. Not only does Dr. Frankenstein bring his creature to life by using an electrical current, but also Mary Shelley describes numerous storms, which include lightening, when the monster appears to Frankenstein at various points throughout the book. Frankenstein is a moral tale that deals with issues and ethics of medical and scientific progression and how far humans should go when tampering with nature. The story raises questions as to who should have final power over life and human nature; God or humans. Shelley calls her book a ‘Modern Prometheus’. Prometheus is a story of a Greek God who gave the human race fire, out of pity so they could eat, but also brought them danger, and was therefore punished for it. Frankenstein is also punished by several horrific deaths in his family. He soon finds out that playing God has horrendous consequences. This story tells the tale of Dr Frankenstein, an optimistic student of natural philosophy who makes a manlike monster from parts of dead bodies and brings it to life by using an electrical current. Frankenstein’s monster is larger than most men and equally as strong. This superhuman creature seems to be the godfather of many a comic villain. It may be that Shelley wanted to explore what it feels like to be classed as a villain, when really you have a gentle heart that is considerably misunderstood. I think that because Mary Shelley had many fears and insecurities in her own life, including blaming herself for her inability to prevent her children’s deaths, it caused her to become concerned about the issues of creation which led to her writing Frankenstein. During this essay I will be writing about where my sympathy lies as a reader and also looking at the techniques Shelley uses to engage our attention as a reader and manipulate our sympathies. Throughout the novel Frankenstein’s role varies from being a victim to becoming a villain. Half of the time Frankenstein is a victim of the creature he so carelessly restored to life, because of his obsession with nature’s genetics. This obsession leads to his destruction but everything he love goes first, leaving him with nothing to fight for, only the desperate hope that someday his creature will die. At the beginning of chapter five Frankenstein portrays himself as a hero as he says â€Å"I beheld the accomplishment of my toils† and also † the wretch whom with such infinite pains and cares I had endeavoured to form†. This suggests that Frankenstein looked beyond the horror of what he was doing and found some sort of glory in his ability to create this monster. He was blinded by his ambition as a scientist and believed he had created a monster with such â€Å"beautiful features†. However when the creature finally â€Å"awoke† he suddenly realised the mistake he had made. He could not â€Å"describe his emotions as this catastrophe†. This is the point at which the reader too, becomes fully aware for the first time of what Frankenstein has really done in creating such a terrifying monster. Shelley uses a range of techniques to enforce a sense of terror in the opening of chapter five. Her first reference to the creature that Frankenstein is making is a â€Å"lifeless thing†. When we read on, we find out that not only is it a corpse, but also one in which the eyes are a â€Å"dull yellow† colour, its â€Å"yellow skin scarcely covering the work of muscles and arteries†, and its teeth a â€Å"pearly whiteness†. All these things add to the prolonged sense of catastrophe that Frankenstein’s life will turn out to be; what’s more it adds to the feeling of disgust and horror that the readers’ thoughts so rapidly turn to. The image of the candle being half extinguished represents Frankenstein’s life of peace drawing to an end. This is the very opposite of what Frankenstein was trying to achieve. When Shelley describes the process that Frankenstein has undergone to â€Å"infuse life into an inanimate body†, we are further horrified at the thought of bringing about something so terrible. Frankenstein had also deprived himself of his own health in order to create this monster. He has destroyed himself for the sake of his creation; this suggests that he has almost given his own life for the creation of his monster and leads us to question the consequences of such an action. Mary Shelley examines the consequences of creating a human frame without a soul or conscience. She suggests that as humans pursue science they may discover things about themselves that they do not like. When Frankenstein is asleep his creation comes to him in the night, terrifying him and forcing him to run from the house. Once outside he is â€Å"drenched by the rain which poured from the black and comfortless sky†. Here Shelley uses nature to create a sense of eeriness in her writing and build tension. This is nature’s punishment for Frankenstein because of his obsession to create a monster, destroying the laws of nature. The sky is described as â€Å"comfortless†, Frankenstein cannot expect to receive any comfort or solace from nature because of his destruction of the laws of nature and his blatant disregard of them. Nature therefore rejects him. During this chapter Shelley uses a poem by Colendge to show how Frankenstein feels. It states that he is on a â€Å"lonesome road† and walks in † fear and dread† because â€Å"he knows a frightful fiend doth close behind him tread†. It suggests that he has forced himself into a situation where he is alone and beyond the help of others because of his own actions. He stops outside an inn where he meets an old school friend â€Å"who on seeing him instantly sprung out†. This meeting is fate as the friend is then murdered, towards the end of the book, by the monster. Previously Frankenstein has repeatedly referred to the creature as a ‘miserable wretch’. He now goes further towards giving the creature an identity by claiming that he is his â€Å"enemy†. Part of Frankenstein’s rejection of his creature is that he does not even give it a name. Frankenstein is pushed to insanity by the fear of â€Å"his enemy†. He is so consumed by fear and despair that he even implies that his friend should not have nursed him back to health, but have let him die so that he could get away from the creature and the dreadful consequences of his birth. This is shown when Frankenstein says, â€Å"firm in the hope he felt of my recovery, he did not doubt that, instead of doing harm, he performed the kindest action that he could towards them†.

Free Essays on Gender Stereotyping

Gender Stereotyping in Children’s Literature In order to complete this assignment, four children’s books were chosen and read. Snow White and Sleeping Beauty were chosen to represent traditional children’s literature with The Prince of Egypt and Pocahontas representing contemporary children’s literature. The stories of Snow White and Sleeping Beauty have very similar plots. In both stories, the main character, an attractive young female, encounters a dilemma and must wait for the strapping prince charming to arrive and undo the damage. In Snow White, she is awoken from an evil spell by a kiss from price charming. In Sleeping Beauty, her male companion, Price Phillip, must also awake her from a deep sleep. Both of these stories show a female in distress with her only hope of success coming from a male. These classic stories contribute to the classic stereotyping of females being dependent on males. Not only do they lack reality, but also they do not provide adequate role models for young girls. The se two stories are examples of perfect fairytales where the male rescues the female and then they live happily ever after. Aside from the fairytale element, these stories are lacking in other departments as well. For example, the character Snow White is made to do traditionally female jobs such as cleaning, sewing and cooking by her evil stepmother. Snow White decides to escape from her stepmother and opts for living with seven little men. She performs all of the domestic chores for the men while all seven of them work outside of the house. This furthers the idea that women are meant to serve men and work within the house. In the story of Sleeping Beauty, Aurora is a beautiful princess that must be hidden away in the forest to protect her from a wicked spell. The spell says that she will prick her finger on a spinning wheel and die before her sixteenth birthday. Princess Aurora returns to the castle on her birthd... Free Essays on Gender Stereotyping Free Essays on Gender Stereotyping Gender Stereotyping in Children’s Literature In order to complete this assignment, four children’s books were chosen and read. Snow White and Sleeping Beauty were chosen to represent traditional children’s literature with The Prince of Egypt and Pocahontas representing contemporary children’s literature. The stories of Snow White and Sleeping Beauty have very similar plots. In both stories, the main character, an attractive young female, encounters a dilemma and must wait for the strapping prince charming to arrive and undo the damage. In Snow White, she is awoken from an evil spell by a kiss from price charming. In Sleeping Beauty, her male companion, Price Phillip, must also awake her from a deep sleep. Both of these stories show a female in distress with her only hope of success coming from a male. These classic stories contribute to the classic stereotyping of females being dependent on males. Not only do they lack reality, but also they do not provide adequate role models for young girls. The se two stories are examples of perfect fairytales where the male rescues the female and then they live happily ever after. Aside from the fairytale element, these stories are lacking in other departments as well. For example, the character Snow White is made to do traditionally female jobs such as cleaning, sewing and cooking by her evil stepmother. Snow White decides to escape from her stepmother and opts for living with seven little men. She performs all of the domestic chores for the men while all seven of them work outside of the house. This furthers the idea that women are meant to serve men and work within the house. In the story of Sleeping Beauty, Aurora is a beautiful princess that must be hidden away in the forest to protect her from a wicked spell. The spell says that she will prick her finger on a spinning wheel and die before her sixteenth birthday. Princess Aurora returns to the castle on her birthd...

Clone essays

Clone essays The biological definition of a clone is an organism that has the same genetic information as another organism or organisms, where else cloning is any process in which production of a clone is successful. These are facts that many people don't want them to become a reality within our humanity. On the other hand, other people support and want produce human clones. Who's right? Should we not let science advance freely? Should we take the power of God and mess around with it? Cloning is a big issue these days; the opinion of our community comes into conflict when debating this serious issue. Amazingly, the first attempts at artificial cloning were as early as the beginning of this century. Adolph Eduard Driesch allowed the eggs of a sea urchin develop into the two-blastomere stage. Then he separated it by shaking it in a flask and allowing them to grow. The cells developed into dwarf sea urchins. Driesch could not explain his experiments and gave up embryology for philosophy (McKinnel, 1979). The first implantation of a nucleus into an egg cell occurred in 1952 by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King in Philadelphia. They had transferred the nuclei of Leopard Frogs' eggs (McKinnel, 1979). The egg cells did not develop. Successful cloning of embryo cells was accomplished later in the 1970's by Dr. John Gurdon. During the late seventies and early eighties, there were few scientists still studying cloning. Many had predicted that it was impossible to clone embryonic mammal cells. Few continued with research. Many gave up and went into other fields. However, some persisted and were rewarded for their efforts. In 1984, Dr. Steene Willadsen announced that he had successfully transferred nuclei from embryos of sheep to produce clones (Kolata, 1997). More exciting was when Dr. Neal First produced cows by nuclear transfer from more developed embryos in 1994 (Kolata, 3 June 1997). Dr. First produced four calves. Two years later, Dr. ...

NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY FOR FUTURE PAPER TITLED Improving Learning Essay

NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY FOR FUTURE PAPER TITLED Improving Learning With Computers An Attempt at Enriching the Experience - Essay Example Computers have changed our existence and humans are relying on the system for their survival. Interactive learning aids in better learning. Video conference, reservations, bookings, data collection and storage, almost in every field computers have contributed a lot to make life easy as well has enhanced the pace of life. It is the responsibility of educators as well as parents to exploit the technology in the favour of mankind and to meet the needs of students. One must keep in mind to mould the energy of future generation in a constructive path by channelizing their energies as computer education provides confidence and high level of flexibility in learning environments and accommodate the needs of all students. Printed books can never be replaced by electronic books but access to any literature and convenience has drastically improved with the augmentation in computer technology. Audio-visual aids provide a great insight and profundity to human understanding therefore learning has improved through computers. It is the greatest invention for the present era that has enabled human to understand the concept, procure, implement and contribute in any field of choice by means of analysis and research as learning is a continuous

Organic architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organic architecture - Essay Example A considerable amount of time has to be taken in the report, for in it lies the success of an underlying project. A satisfactory review provides a strong background that provides a platform for the reader or audience to advance their knowledge. An excellent literature review provides a basis for the advancement of a theory. The truth on any project that requires an advancement of a theory is depicted by the use of a review. The review guidelines provide the foundation in which the theories can be advanced. The survey also includes some part of the theory that should be advanced. An analysis information is essential in identifying the areas where poor previous research has been done. In the study where an analysis of previous work has been carried out, the data proves essential in identifying poor research work and therefore ignoring the findings. A literature review puts together the thoughts and ideas of many on a common platform, thereby enabling the readers to have a conclusive understanding of the topic of study. A literature review on a project is imperative in bringing out the areas that require further and extensive research. A research is the foundation of understanding on a project and in areas where the results are not clearly convincing, further research is recommended. A literature review thereby provides information on where research needs to be done and where reliable research has already been done. Adoption of organic architecture in Australia was brought about by various issues. A literature review requires the use of published articles to come up with one central idea on the topic of study. (Baines, 2009) suggests that the study embraces the concept of using the past to prepare for the future. Review information is very reliable, and it brings together the knowledge from the past that can be applied as knowledge in the future. Reviews, therefore, ensure that the gap has been filled by a comprehensive

IDEAL READING PROGRAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IDEAL READING PROGRAM - Essay Example It requires practice, and it is through reading that people are able to write and communicate verbally. 1. Phonemic Awareness and Language Acquisition It facilitates concentration (hearing, identifying, and usage) and this brings about understanding concepts in speech language and writing. The topic focuses on understanding key terms as used in definitions, knowing what they mean and using them accordingly. Language use is more than just talking; it is about understanding the definitions and ways they relate to speech. It concentrates on sensitivity of sounds as used in words (Gillon, 2012). Apart from focusing on the smallest units of sounds, it also focuses on larger units such as rimes and syllables. Its relation to â€Å"put reading first† is that in following this rule, children are taught about blending and segmentation. They also learn about the sounds and how they relate to the spoken words. Individual sounds in spoken language are called phonemes (Gillon, 2012). This is where the teacher says a word phoneme by phoneme, which students repeat in sequence. Segmentation involves a teacher saying a word, and students dividing the words into phonemes. They learn about rhythm (Armbruster, Lehr, & Osborn, 2001). Effectiveness Learning phonemic awareness and language acquisition is important to first grade students since it enables them to develop communication skills that they used throughout their stay in school. It helps learns to gain knowledge of expertise that makes them to be professional. Most of the first grade students do not know the basic communication skills and the proper use of sounds in words they use. Learning phonemics enables students to become sensitive, attentive and more aware of speech. 2. Phonics It facilitates better reading and writing language skills. Phonics enhances phonemic awareness in that with the ability to hear, identify, and use basic units of language, students can be able to read and write appropriately. It combines sound and spelling and teaches the relation between the two. It uses the alphabetic principle where the sounds of letters and the letters themselves are related with each other. Word reading becomes enhanced since there is the use of both sound and their relation to the letters (Villaume & Brabham, 2003). Its relation to â€Å"put reading first† is that in following this guideline, there is the learning of how sound of spoken language and letters of written language relate. Children are taught this relation from an early age. The use of this is that children are able to recognize and identify words quickly and instantly. Word study instruction involves phonics instruction and is a major in-text feature that enables grown-up children to acquire knowledge on phonics and use it in reading and writing. They learn about prefixes, suffixes, and word roots that they use while reading and writing. There is also the learning of rapid word recognition, and this helps children in gettin g the real purpose of reading (Armbruster, Lehr, & Osborn, 2001). Effectiveness Learning phonics in the first grade creates the foundation based on teaching students to read, relate, and write. It ensures that students pick up from non-effective reading to effective reading. Students are able to become more confident and composed. It also helps in ensuring that students write meaningful work, and also brings students closer to being fluent, able to use vocabulary appropriately and understand comprehensions (Armbruster,

Grit Test Essay Example for Free

Grit Test Essay I guess according the test I am a extremely â€Å"Gritty† individual. It states that I am grittier than 80% of the American Populous. I guess I can attribute that to my military experiences. I will now do my do diligence in answering the question on the lab sheet. Question 1) what difference does age has in your ability to be persistent? I think age has nothing to do with being determined or persistent. It is an inherent trait that is taught. You must learn to not fear and use the emotion to your advantage, and your drive. Question 2) Does it matter how long your attention span is? I think it does, you must learn to focus to succeed in anything, and in today’s society that is discerning and I am concerned. Question 3) Does labeling something as â€Å"fun† and â€Å"easy† matter to your perception of how long and well you could persist on project? No I prefer a good challenge and I enjoy working on project that are challenging. Question 4) If you take pride in your work, do you think you’d persist longer than if you were self-critical. I don’t think I would do as well, if I cared about popularity. I handle my project as a mission and I am mission orientated. Question 5) What about your ability to delay gratification? How might that impact your ability to be persistent? How is the ability to delay gratification related to maturity. How is it related to self-control? How is it related to self- control? How is persistence different from self-control? I am very good at delaying gratification, because of my military training to be â€Å"Companionably Dis-Passionate.† I really think that this question is irreverent to me. I also think it has nothing to do with matuarity, because I know a lot of 40 year old people that act like they are 12. Self-control is a learned inherent traits, that is taught though  discipline and self-pride and determination. Sources Cited: Michelson, B. M./ U.S. Army (2013, September). Character Development of U.S. Army Leaders The Laissez-Faire Approach. Retrieved from http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20131031_art007.pdf. This book shows how to develop military leadership and training that can be used to train individuals how to react to any situation a military leader can endure. This book can also help with how we interact in a society that lacks leadership and discipline. Goren, P. (2007). Character Weakness, Partisan Bias, and Presidential Evaluation: Modifications and Extensions. Political Behavior. doi:10.1007/s11109-006-9019-0. Is this article, the author discuss what is makes a strong leader versus a weak leader, and he discusses the issues in our governments policies and how strong and week presidents and leaders can make our break a government.

What Theological Or Ethical Principles Religion Essay

What Theological Or Ethical Principles Religion Essay As palliative care is specialized comfort care for people who are approaching the end of their lives, it is related to many ethical issues and concerns. Its framework is based on the moral values and principles of the professionals involved, patients concerned, their families and society as a whole. Palliative care is a very sensitive issue and it is important that it is administered in an appropriate manner. The main objective is to achieve the best possible quality of life, both for the person, and for their family. As such, palliative care is more than the provision of medical relief from pain and other distressing symptoms. It encompasses the psychological, social, emotional and spiritual aspects of end of life care. The palliative care philosophy affirms life and regards dying as a normal process. It neither aims to hasten nor postpone death. It endeavours to provide a team-based support system for the person, enabling them to live as fulfilled a life as possible for the time remaining; and to help their family cope during their loved ones illness and prepare for their bereavement. Care can be provided at home, in a hospital, an aged care facility or a palliative care unit. Above all, palliative care respects the dignity of the person who is dying, carefully honouring their story, wishes and needs. A discussion about palliative care doesnt necessarily mean that death is imminent, in fact, its far better to start thinking and talking about your palliative care options before you need them. Palliative care is sometimes required for a person whose death is very near a matter of hours or days while others will need care over a longer period of time, sometimes years. In this case their care needs will tend to be less intensive and more episodic. The need for palliative care does not depend on any particular medical diagnosis, but the combination of many factors assessed through the judgement of the person, their family, the palliative care team and other medical professionals, including the persons GP. Families and carers may also receive assistance from palliative care services in order to help them cope with emotional and social problems; wounded healers also need healing. To palliate is to cover with a cloak of care; to offer protection and provide relief in the last chapter of life. A palliative approach is a type of palliative care and recognizes that death is inevitable for all of us. For me writing, I am reminded of a comment Professor John Swinton made in response to a question at the recent CAPS conference: Wherever we are in life, there is a storm coming preparedness becomes about the solidity of our foundations. End of life questions of quality, planning and dignity are ethically and theologically grounded in solidifying our foundation. Clements (1990) wrote of this, explaining that as the person moving through life finds their roles stripped from them, and if they have no spiritual foundation, they may be found naked at the core. Residential Aged Care Facilities are often the place where people spend the final chapter of their life; people come into care because they are no longer able to look after themselves and most will have chronic illness alongside ageing. The focus of care in aged care facilities is to help people live well with their illness and frailty during their time spent there. This focus on living well is the essence of the palliative approach to care. Our goal is always to assess and treat pain and other symptoms thoroughly, in familiar surroundings and in the company of the persons loved ones. Theres a Japanese proverb of which I am particularly fond, A sunset can be just as beautiful as a sunrise. In my work Ive seen many beautiful sunsets in peoples lives. Sadly, Ive also witnessed some that arent so beautiful. With forward planning they may have been different. The sudden onset of illness has a way of turning our lives, and the lives of our family and friends, upside down at any age. Suddenly decisions can be very difficult to make; thats why planning ahead is important. If we know what a persons choices and wishes are, were able to respect them if something should happen and theyre unable to tell us themselves. Medical treatment to manage symptoms goes alongside comfort care and could include surgery or medications. The focus of a palliative approach is on living. That is why staff will want to set goals and to plan for how the person wants to live the rest of their life. The end-of-life stage is an extraordinarily profound and emotional time; and a person does not have to be religious to have spiritual considerations. Spirituality is about how we make meaning in our lives and feel connected to other things, people, communities and nature. Spiritual questions, beliefs and rituals are often central to people when they are in the final chapter of their lives. Ensuring that staff are informed about each residents unique spiritual considerations will allow them to be properly respected and addressed. Helping the person to tell their story can help them find meaning, affirmation and reassurance. To effectively palliate would mean that: family and staff communicate openly and with compassion with the person in care and with each other; that pain control and comfort is achieved as far as possible; that the resident has every opportunity to communicate with those who are important to them; and that their physical, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual needs are addressed and as far as possible met. One size cloak of care does not fit all (Hudson, 2012). When these elements are neglected the cloak becomes an empty cover up, leaving the resident exposed rather than protected. When the cloak does not fit it is uncomfortable to wear (Hudson 2012) but the vulnerable population of people in their fourth age may wear it anyway for fear of seeming ungrateful. An appropriate cloak of care must have a spiritual lining, and provide opportunities to reveal hidden hurt; forgive, reconcile; and find peace in loss through tasks of self-reflection and self-transcendence. Spiritual and pa storal care in this context aims for wholeness and spiritual growth. Palliative care should not palliate death itself denying the stark reality of death and dying with false platitudes and consolation can mask existential pain and real needs and further, make these taboo. From a Christian theology, death is recognized as inevitable and necessary. Ageing is an inescapable process that in part defines human existence and experience. From the moment we are born we age. Ageing only ends when we die. Experience of human life tells us that ageing and death are linked. The curse of Adam in Genesis 3 introduces this finitude to our lives. Our role as pastoral carers is one of empowerment, relationship and human presence. Care of people who are suffering means providing real spiritual care, where a closeness or intimacy is developed between the person who is suffering and the carer. This is often quite alien for health professionals, who, through the culture of residential aged care accreditation, are subscript to activity theory and a doing role that emphasizes action rather than being with (MacKinlay, 2006). This involves not a sense of competence, but a sense of humility in the awareness of our own inability to fix anything, beyond being with that person at their point of need. The vulnerability of being present to ageing and death constitutes a simple and costly demand to stay. Not to understand or explain just to stay; Or else to expire in terrible wilderness, lonely silence (Caldwell 1960). In MacKinlays (2006) observation that care of people who are suffering means to walk the journey of suffering with them, to be present with them and authentic in caring (p. 167) I am reminded of Jesus telling his disciples to watch and pray (Matthew 26:36-46)  to bear witness. We cannot cure the scriptural worst enemy of the fatal sting but we CAN care sincerely respecting that the cloak is not ours to fashion and that the chapter will always have an end (Hudson, 2012). Jesus, in becoming human and by his death and resurrection, defeats death and gives resurrection hope of a body free from ageing, decline and frailty, providing hope to all people, especially those in the fourth age. Terminal illnesses do not inhibit people the way they used to; a person burdened with such an illness can live a long and reasonably well life. Consequently terminal disease is tangled in an ethics web concerning limited health resources, contributing to funding and community tensions. These tensions intrinsically present ethical issue in the equity of service provision. Stemming from this is the sensitive nature of transitioning to palliative care, and further to end-of-life care. End of life can be defined as that part of life where a person is living with, and impaired by, an eventually fatal condition, even if the prognosis is ambiguous, or unknown. The World Health Organisation defines palliative care as an approach that improves the quality of life of individuals and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and management of pain and other needs, physical, psychological and spiritual. There is further tension surrounding communication and generational knowledge. As with Jefferys Mrs Davis there can be enormous gaps in generational perspective which may compromise informed decisions. The onus for decision making in a palliative care team lies with the resident themselves so, ethically, whose responsibility is it to be sure that a decision is well-informed? And further, who can be unbiased in providing information so as not to manipulate a decision? Contradictory beliefs, conflicting principles, and competing duties between the parties involved in end-of-life care can tear the cloak. Beauchamps primary principles of health care include: non-maleficence, confidentiality, autonomy, truth telling, informed consent, and justice. Empathy underpins each of the principles above, and in this lies the difficulty. We cannot understand (Okon, 2006 cited by Hudson 2012), we cannot try the cloak on for size but sometimes just looking as though you could understand (Saunders, 1987 cited by Hudson, 2012) makes a world of difference and goes some way to thwart loneliness. In end-of-life care, our presence as pastoral carers is strengthened in enabling spiritual growth through the sharing of connectedness and ritual. A palliative approach is built on an understanding of the uniqueness of individuals life histories and personalities, and implies commitment to an individuals developmental tasks of ageing and coming to peace. To be able to reach such goals as personal satisfaction, the individual must have means of expressing themselves. Our role in the care of older people is to support and enable each individuals sense of meaning and self-expression; to affirm each individual as a person of great value, and loved by God. Aged care is a delicate balancing act in that functional decline, infirmities and diseases are often inherent in ageing. Because of the nature of chronic illness in the fourth age, a caring response in the face of incurable illness is respect, and commitment to personal autonomy and integrity. That is, our role in promoting overall comfort and wellbeing through positively reinforcing and enabling those with such prognoses, to live to their best quality of life. The goal of palliative care is to provide comfort and care when cure is no longer possible. This paradigm shift entails a shift in the definition of autonomy. People at the end stage of life are not playing by the same rules as you or I who would oblige patient autonomy and nod to expert medical opinion. Health professionals in this context need to be enablers not decision makers. Gradual functional decline and loss of control in autonomy are inevitable with age. Loss of control is painful and scary. Perhaps this kind of persona is paralleled only in infancy leaving our elders feeling a sense of childhood being forced upon them (Jeffery, 2001). Unfortunately admission to aged care often does not help these older adults to feel less like children. The danger and ethical dilemma here is the assumption of impaired autonomy; in that decisions are made and autonomy declared lost even when this is unnecessary, because it is a simpler, easier course of action we know what is good for you (Jeffery, 2001). The basis of this kind of paternalism is beneficence its motivation is to act in a persons best interest so that no one gets harmed; making harm or burden the reason for intervention. Some loss of autonomy is inevitable in later life and steps have to be taken to act in the incompetent persons best interest, sometimes with their wishes recorded in living wills or advance care plans. Often autonomy presupposes someone, who acts in accordance with such a pre-conceived plan, and who is rational and independent; but autonomy may be better understood in terms of identity and self expression of values (Jeffery, 2001). A written advance care plan is about ensuring peace of mind. Effective advance care planning can avoid an unwanted transfer to a hospital. But even such counteractions as advance care planning can be problematic as these are based on todays situation and forecasted futures i.e. these cannot take into account tomorrows medical breakthrough. This being the case, there arise new ethical dilemmas e.g. do we have a right as people acting in someones best interests to tweak what they have proclaimed to want for themselves? Would they have wanted what they said they wanted were they deciding now? When autonomy is understood as a property of action or a capacity of persons (Reich, 1995); impaired autonomy, becomes a hopelessly limiting self fulfilling prophecy in that it diminishes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the opportunities of those who lack certain abilities or capacities (Caplan, 1992). Autonomy needs to be seen as a way of valuing the human person, respecting them and recognizing their right to make decisions as the master of themselves. Personhood is not compromised or incapacitated by end stage life we are who we remember one another to be an essential aspect of being human is to care and be cared for; interdependence is a non-accidental feature of the human condition. Being human, we are bearers of the image of God (Gen 1:26). This image demonstrates our capacity for relationship with God, and with the rest of humanity (Green, 197). This capacity for relationship does not diminish as we age. If autonomy is taken as valuing ones uniqueness and the capacity to give gifts, it is a search for meaning in life authenticity. That is: as Jeffery writes; authentic choice is the autonomy of action that requires meaningful choices to be offered and identified with which equates to ones values and essentially what they stand for. If this is how we understand autonomy then this sheds new light on impaired autonomy. In effect we lose the ability to stand for what we stand for. In this case, autonomy becomes less about incompetence and more about advocacy in helping the person to reconnect their essential values to their choices and allowing them to give meaning to their life. By honouring this form of authentic control rather than a control via acquiescent consent or accept it or leave it culture we enable fulfillment and empowerment of the persons dignity. Being a resident in a nursing home may conjure conceptions of a twisted and limited self, and is destructive of autonomy. This is partly because the environment is thick with congruity and thin with community (Jeffery 2001); and partly because decision making is made nearly obsolete. The desire to control is moderated by the self-realization of the possibility of not being able to process all the relevant information: as the person psychologically shrinks, so too does their autonomy and self faith. Further, someone faced with a life shock can find their autonomy impaired in that they find themselves in a dramatically different world where previous life plans have no meaning and even stable values disappear (Jeffery 2001). In such settings autonomy becomes about the ability to make meaningful choices. An older person may not be able to carry out what they decide, but they are able to recognize commitments and to be themselves (Jeffery, 2001). As partners in end-of-life care, aged care staff must take into account such ethical dilemmas as autonomy and intergenerational tension in the way physical care is given; by focusing on presence, meaningful experience, journeying together, listening, connecting, creating openings, and engaging in reciprocal sharing.  Affirmative relationships support residents, enabling them to respond to their spiritual needs. Barriers to appropriate palliative care include lack of time, personal, cultural or institutional factors, and professional educational needs.  By addressing these, we may make an important contribution to the improvement of patient care towards the end of life.